Vaccines and the "measles epidemic" (part 3)

Let's continue looking at the primary ingredients of the DTAP vaccine:
1) Glutaraldehyde:

Glutaraldehyde is a toxic chemical that is used as a cold sterilant to disinfect and clean heat-sensitive medical, surgical and dental equipment. It is found in products such as Cidex, Aldesen, Hospex, Sporicidin, Omnicide, Matricide, Wavicide and others. Glutaraldehyde is also used as a tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs and as a hardening agent in the development of x-rays.

Short term (acute) effects: Contact with glutaraldehyde liquid and vapor can severely irritate the eyes, and at higher concentrations burns the skin. Breathing glutaraldehyde can irritate the nose, throat, and respiratory tract, causing coughing and wheezing, nausea, headaches, drowsiness, nosebleeds, and dizziness.

Long-term (chronic) effects: Glutaraldehyde is a sensitizer. This means some workers will become very sensitive to glutaraldehyde and have strong reactions if they are exposed to even small amounts. Workers may get sudden asthma attacks with difficult breathing, wheezing, coughing, and tightness in the chest. Prolonged exposure can cause a skin allergy and chronic eczema, and afterwards, exposure to small amounts produces severe itching and skin rashes. It has been implicated as a possible cause of occupational asthma.

2) phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a germicidal and germistatic glycol ether, phenol ether, and aromatic alcohol often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.

Phenoxyethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis.

Phenoxyethanol is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. In Japan and the EU, its concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%.

Phenoxyethanol is a vaccine preservative and potential allergen, which may result in a nodular reaction at the site of injection. It reversibly inhibits NMDAR-mediated ion currents. Ingestion may cause CNS and respiratory depression, vomiting and diarrhea in infants, particularly when combined with chlorphenesin.



Sources:

www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hospital/hazards/glutaraldehyde/glut.html

Phenoxyethanol", British Pharmacopoeia, 2, 2009, ISBN 978-0-11-322799-0

Vaccines and the "measles epidemic" (Part 2)

Now let's look at the primary ingredients of a common vaccine (DTAP):

1) Aluminum Phosphate - a colorless liquid that is corrosive to metals and tissue:

dangerous levels:
H314 (30.84%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]
H315 (44.05%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (44.05%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H332 (12.33%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H335 (68.72%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Aluminum phosphates decompose on heating at high temperatures. They produce toxic fumes including phosphorus oxides and react violently with strong acids and strong bases.


2) Formaldehyde - Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas at room temperature and has a strong odor. Exposure to formaldehyde may cause adverse health effects. Formaldehyde can cause irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. High levels of exposure may also cause some types of cancers.


EPA formaldehyde research and risk information
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) toxicological profile for formaldehyde -- IRIS is a human health assessment database that contains information on health effects that may result from exposure to environmental contaminants.
Status of IRIS toxicological review of formaldehyde (inhalation) -- EPA is currently revising its IRIS assessment of formaldehyde to address the 2011 National Academy of Sciences peer review recommendations. This assessment addresses both noncancer and cancer human health effects that are relevant to assessing the risks from chronic inhalation exposure to formaldehyde. When finalized, the updated toxicological profile for formaldehyde will appear in the IRIS database.
Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for formaldehyde (PDF)(71 pp, 301 K, About PDF) -- AEGLs describe the human health effects to humans from once-in-a-lifetime, or rare, exposure to airborne chemicals. They are used by emergency responders when dealing with chemical spills or other catastrophic exposures.
List of EPA research projects on formaldehyde in EPA's Science Inventory Database


Sources:
www.epa.gov/formaldehyde/facts-about-formaldehyde
www.pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aluminum_phosphate#section=Health-Hazard

Vaccines and the "measles epidemic" (Part 1)

First of all, let's look at the ingredients of the two most frequently used brands of DTAP inoculation. The first of these is made by the pharmaceutical company Adacel: Each 0.5-mL dose of Adacel® (Sanofi Pasteur) contains 5 Lf tetanus toxoid, 2 Lf diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis antigens (2.5 µg detoxified PT, 5 µg FHA, 3 µg pertactin, 5 µg FIM). ("About Diptheria..."). Other ingredients per 0.5-mL dose include 1.5 mg aluminum phosphate (0.33 mg aluminum) as the adjuvant, ≤5 µg residual formaldehyde, <50 ng residual glutaraldehyde, and 3.3 mg (0.6% v/v) 2-phenoxyethanol ("About Diptheria...").

The next brand is made by Boostrix. Each 0.5-mL dose of Boostrix® (GlaxoSmithKline) contains 5 Lf of tetanus toxoid, 2.5 Lf of diphtheria toxoid, 8 µg of inactivated PT, 8 µg of FHA, and 2.5 µg of pertactin (69 kiloDalton outer membrane protein) ("About Diptheria..."). Each 0.5-mL dose contains aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant (not more than 0.39 mg aluminum by assay), 4.5 mg of sodium chloride, ≤100 µg of residual formaldehyde, and ≤100 µg of polysorbate 80 ("About Diptheria...). Tetanus toxoid is the main part of the vaccination and is grown in a peptone-based medium and detoxified with formaldehyde. The detoxified material is then purified by serial ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by sterile filtration ("Tetanus..."). The toxoid is then diluted with physiological saline solution (0.85%). Each dose contains the preservative thimerosal ("Tetanus"). The rest of the compounds listed as a toxoid are manufactured using the same process. Adverse reactions may be local and include redness, warmth, edema, induration with or without tenderness as well as urticaria, and rash. Malaise, transient fever, pain, hypotension, nausea and arthralgia may develop in some patients after the injection ("Tetanus"). Arthus-type hypersensitivity reactions, characterized by severe local reactions (generally starting 2 to 8 hours after an injection) may occur, particularly in persons who have received multiple prior boosters.2 On rare occasions, anaphylaxishas been reported following administration of products containing tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid. Upon review, a report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded the evidence established a causal relationship between tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid) and anaphylaxis.17 Deaths have been reported in temporal association with the administration of tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid) -containing vaccines ("Tetanus"). 

Those are just the adverse affects that could happen physically to the body. This vaccine can severely damage the nervous system as well. The following neurologic illnesses have been reported as temporally associated with vaccines containing tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid): neurological complications including cochlear lesion, brachial plexus neuropathies, paralysis of the radial nerve, paralysis of the recurrent nerve,  accommodation paresis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and EEG disturbances with encephalopathy ("Tetanus"). The IOM, following review of the reports of neurologic events following vaccination with tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid) , DT or Td, concluded the evidence favored acceptance of a causal relationship between tetanus toxoid (tetanus (tetanus toxoid) toxoid) and brachial neuritis ("Tetanus").

Sources

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/dtap-tdap-td/hcp/about-vaccine.html

https://www.rxlist.com/tetanus-drug.htm#side_effects